Duo Pushes Rhode Island to Decriminalize Pot

PROVIDENCE, R.I.—A retired police officer and the proprietor of an
organic eatery make an odd couple when it comes to trying to overturn
marijuana laws in this tiny state, but Jack Cole and Josh Miller are
giving it their best shot.

Mr. Cole, 71 years old, is a veteran of decades with the New Jersey
State Police, almost all with the drug squad. Mr. Miller, 55, runs Local
121, a restaurant favored among "buy local" diners, and also serves in
the state Senate, where he leads a special commission to study marijuana
prohibitions. The panel began hearings in January to discuss an overhaul
of the state's pot laws, starting with decriminalization of small
amounts.

As legislators across the U.S. struggle to rescue state budgets hammered
by the recession, decriminalization is one idea gaining traction.
Advocates say states could cut costs of policing, prosecuting and
incarcerating offenders, and even raise money by taxing users.

"Any respect for this issue lies right now in its impact on the budget,"
said Mr. Miller.

His committee will hear testimony Wednesday from Mr. Cole, the founder
of Law Enforcement Against Prohibition, or LEAP, a national lobby
seeking an end to the drug war. LEAP's 10,000 members include many
former police officers, corrections workers and federal agents of the
Border Patrol and Drug Enforcement Administration.

Decriminalization faces resistance from district attorneys and police
departments that have grown used to making arrests and building criminal
cases in a longstanding war-on-drugs tradition, and often equate
decriminalization with being "soft" on crime.

The first steps state legislatures take tend to be narrow: legalizing
marijuana use for cancer or glaucoma patients, or allowing
municipalities to impose fines on casual smokers.

In California, one of 14 states that allow marijuana use for medical
purposes, legislators are weighing a bill to legalize most marijuana
sales and create tax and licensing fees for the industry. The measure
was approved by the state Assembly's Public Safety Committee last month,
but probably won't advance further this session.

New Hampshire is considering a pair of House bills, one to legalize and
tax pot sales, and another to decriminalize possession. A
medical-marijuana bill passed last year but was vetoed by the governor.

Decriminalization measures have also been introduced in Vermont,
Virginia and Washington, while medical-marijuana bills are being
considered in Maryland, Delaware and Wisconsin, among other states.

Mr. Miller said that in Rhode Island, which allows medical-marijuana
use, decriminalization was the next step. He noted that last month a
bill was introduced in the House to make possession of an ounce or less
a civil offense punishable by a fine of $100, rather than a criminal
offense.

Rhode Island has run budget deficits of just over $200 million in each
of the past two years, and is looking at a $400 million deficit in the
next fiscal year on a budget of $7 billion. Savings from
decriminalization wouldn't be great, Mr. Miller conceded—say, $2
million to $3 million a year by freeing prison beds occupied by pot
offenders. Rhode Island spends about $33,000 a year per inmate.

Not everyone agrees with that math. Matthew Dawson, deputy chief of the
criminal division of the state attorney general's office, testified
before Mr. Miller's panel last month that the state would achieve "zero
savings" from decriminalization. He said police and prosecutors employed
criminal charges for possession to plea bargain with suspects, and that
suspects might otherwise have to be prosecuted for more serious crimes,
at greater cost to the state. Others say possession charges help police
cajole witnesses into cooperating in criminal inquiries.

Mr. Miller said such arguments may persuade some of his colleagues, but
others would look to the decision two years ago in neighboring
Massachusetts to decriminalize pot, which raised hopes among some
legislators that a similar measure could pass in Rhode Island. "It's not
far-off California, but the big state next door," Mr. Miller said.

Mr. Cole traveled to Providence recently to help Mr. Miller craft a
strategy. He often wears a badge that reads: "Cops Say Legalize Drugs.
Ask Me Why."

In his standard speech, he describes the epiphany he experienced early
in his career as an undercover narcotics investigator. "I learned
firsthand of the family-destroying consequences of sending drug users
[often mothers and fathers] to jail. I can't think of a better policy
for creating the next generation of drug addicts than to remove parents
from children," he said. "I also realized that when police arrested a
robber or rapist they made the community safer for everyone but when I
arrested a drug pusher, I simply created a job opening for someone in a
long line of people willing to take his place."

Messrs. Cole and Miller agreed the former cop's presentation must appeal
to law-and-order politicians. Mr. Cole said the way to win them over was
to show that chasing pot smokers keeps police from fighting other
crimes.

"Look at the clearance rates for these crimes," he said. In the 1960s,
before federal antidrug funds flowed heavily to states, "91% of all
murders in this country were solved. Today, it's 61%." He cited similar
drops for arson (60% unsolved) robbery (75% unsolved) and rape (60%
unsolved).

Mr. Cole said the national addiction rate has remained unchanged for a
century at about 1.3% of the population. He concludes that if drugs are
legalized, the addiction rate would stay the same, "but we'll be
spending a lot less to manage it."